Monday, December 20, 2010

आईये 'The', 'An' and 'A' का उपयोग सीखें...

अक्सर 'The', 'An' and 'A' का उपयोग मुश्किल में डालता है. यह अध्याय आपकी इस मुश्किल को असान कर देगा. तो फिर पेश है  'The', 'An' and 'A' का उपयोग

How to use ‘the’:
1.      ‘The’ is prefixed to the word which is to be stressed upon.
Eg.: The book belongs to Shweta.
Ex.: In the above example, to stress upon word book, ‘the’ is prefixed.
2.      ‘The’, when put before a word, denotes that, that particular thing (word) is special or holds importance with reference to the sentence.
Eg.: I want the pen.
Ex.: In the above example ‘the’ is prefixed to pen, which means a particular or special
       pen and not any pen.
3.      ‘The’ also denotes, that the item before it is placed, is single in number (i.e. singular) or not more than one (i.e. not plural).
Eg.: The doll is beautiful.
Ex.: In the above sentence ‘the’ is  prefixed to doll which tells that doll is single and
       is not more than one in number( though at the same time that it is the special or
       particular doll about which description is given.).
4.      ‘The’ is pronounced as ‘thee’ when it is prefixed to a word which starts with a vowel or produces sound like vowel (even if the word does not starts with a vowel).
Eg.: The (pronunciation: thee) animal is in the jungle.
Ex.: In the above example the is pronounced as thee because it is prefixed to animal
        which is starting with a vowel ‘a’.
5.      ‘The’ is also pronounced as “thee” when it is prefixed to a word which needs to be emphasized or stressed upon, irrespective of the word it is starting with (weather the starting letter of the word is a vowel or a consonant.).
Eg.: Rahul is the best student of the class.
Ex.: In the  above example word best starts with letter ‘b’ which is not a vowel but a
         consonant, yet, ‘the’ prefixed to it is pronounce as ‘thee’ since word “best” is
         being stressed upon.
6.      ‘The’ is pronounced as ‘the’ when it is prefixed to a word which starts with a consonant or produces sound like consonant (and the word does not starts with a consonant but with a vowel) and at the same time, the word which is suffixed to ‘the’, need not to be stressed upon .
Eg.: The cake is delicious.
Ex.: In the above example ‘the’ is prefixed to the word cake. The word ‘cake’ starts
 with a letter ‘c’ which is a consonant and at the same time sounds like consonant
 and it need not to be stressed upon. 
 Therefore it is pronounced as ‘the’.
 Eg.: He is the European citizen.
 Ex.: In the above example, though, word ‘Europe’ starts with the letter ‘e’ which is a
vowel but pronunciation of Europe starts with letter ‘y’, which is a consonant, therefore the word  ‘the’ (द)  which is prefixed to European is pronounced as ‘the’(दी).
How to use ‘a’:
1.      ‘A’, when put before a word, denotes that, that particular thing (word) is general or common or not special with reference to the sentence.
Eg.: I want a pen.
Ex.: In the above example ‘a’ is prefixed to pen, which means any pen, and not a
             special or particular pen.
2.      ‘A’ also denotes, that the item before it is placed, is single in number (i.e.
  singular) or not more than one (i.e. not plural).
Eg.: She has a ball.
      Ex.: In the above sentence ‘a’ is prefixed to ball which tells that ball is single and
 is not more than one in number ( though at the same time it also tells us that it is not a specific or particular or important  ball about which description is given.).
3.      ‘A’ is prefixed to a word which starts with consonant or pronunciation of the
 word starts with a consonant, even if the word starts with a vowel.
 Eg.: I have a bat.
 Ex.: In the above example word ‘bat’ starts with a letter ‘b’ which is a consonant.
 Eg.: He is a European.
 Ex.: In the above example word European starts with a letter ‘e’ which is a vowel
        but the pronunciation of the word starts with ‘y’ and hence instead of ‘an’, ‘a’ is
        put before European.
How to use ‘an’:
1. ‘An’, when put before a word, denotes that, that particular thing (word) is general or common or not special with reference to the sentence.
Eg.: I want an apple.
Ex.: In the above example ‘an’ is prefixed to apple, which means any apple, and not a
             special or particular apple.
2.      ‘An’ also denotes, that the item before it is placed, is single in number (i.e.
 singular) or not more than one (i.e. not plural).
Eg.: She has an umbrella.
Ex.: In the above sentence ‘an’ is  prefixed to umbrella which tells that the umbrella
       is single and  is not more than one in number ( though, at the same time it also
       tells us that it is not a specific or particular or an important   umbrella about
       which description is given.).
3.   ‘An’ is prefixed to a word which starts with vowel only.
      Eg.: I have an apple.
      Ex.: In the above example word ‘apple’ starts with a letter ‘a’ which is a vowel.
4.  ‘An’ is prefixed to  the word which has a pronunciation starting with vowel even
      if  the first letter of the word is not a vowel. 
     Eg.: The train arrived on the station an hour before time.
     Ex.:  In the above sentence, word hour starts with consonant ‘h’ but the                  
             pronunciation of the word starts with ‘a’.

Tuesday, November 16, 2010

अंग्रेज़ी के वाक्य के विभिन्न भाग...

आईये इस अध्याय में हम अंग्रेज़ी के वाक्य के विभिन्न भागों को सीखें....
English sentence can be divided into several parts. These parts are known as parts of speech. These are as follows:
1.      Noun:
      Noun is the name of person, place or thing.
      Ex: Shweta is a good girl.
2.      Pronoun:
      Pronoun is a word which is used in place of noun and pronoun.
      Ex: He is a good student.
3.      Verb:
      Verb is that part of a sentence which denotes action.
      Ex: Mummy is preparing dinner.
4.      Adverb:
      Adverb is that part of a sentence which adds something to the verb or qualifies the verb.
      Ex: Priyanka writes fast.
5.      Adjective:
      Adjective is that part of the sentence which qualifies noun or pronoun.
      Ex: Tina is a brave girl.
6.      Preposition:
      Preposition is that part of the sentence which denotes relation between two parts of a sentence. For example, relation between a subject and the other part of the sentence.
      Ex: Is your Papa at home, Swati?

   7.   Conjunction:
     Conjunction is that part of the sentence or that word which joins two parts of a sentence.
      Ex: Aparna is going to Indore on Rakhi and Awni is going to Burhanpur.
8.      Interjection:
      Interjection is that part of the sentence or word which represents strong feeling.
      Ex: Hurrah! We have won the match.
      There are few people, who places modals, in parts of speech but we will stick to
       traditional grammar.

पहली बार आपने यह कैसे किया था...

कभी न कभी तो पहली बार घुटने के बल और फिर पैदल चले होंगे, कभी न कभी तो पहली बार  कुछ शब्द मुँह से निकाला होगा कभी न कभी तो पहली बार साईकिल चलाई होगी इसी तरह पहला वह सुन्दर मौका भी आयेगा जब आप बिना रुके, पूरे आत्मविश्वास के साथ अंग्रेज़ी में पहला पूरा वाक्य बोलेंगे....   
   1.      There must be the day when you have taken your first step and learnt walking. 
          How did you do it?
2.      There must be the first day when you have put your first step on peddle of your Papa’s bicycle and   learnt cycling? How did you do it?
3.      There must be the first day when you must have touched and experience water and started swimming.  How did you do it?
4.      There must be the day when you would have spoken a first word of you mother tongue and started speaking. How did you do it?
5.      Did you ever translate your mother tongue to some other language to teach you mother tongue? If not, how did you learn it?
6.      Did you ever attend any coaching class to learn your mother tongue?
7.      Could you recall your father’s or your brother’s assistance to help you learn walking, peddling, swimming or speaking?  
8.      Do you believe that things can be learnt better, than being taught?
9.      May we know your opinion; can Spoken English can be taught, or learnt?
10.  Could you please tell us, how should Spoken English be learnt?

Friday, November 12, 2010

अंग्रेज़ी सीखने के लिये कुछ ज़रूरी बातें....

कृपया अंग्रेज़ी सीखने के लिये यह अध्याय ज़रूर पढ़ें और इन बातों का अधिक से अधिक पालन करें...आप को फायदा ज़रूर होगा. जहाँ भी ज़रूरी समझें कमेंट बक्से में या इंलिश चर्चा ग्रूप में आप पूछ सकते हैं... शुभकामनायें.....

English learning is a self directed process. An illiterate person living in USA can speak in English. How? It is due to the environment that he gets.

What is an environment? Environment means surroundings that a person gets and by which one gets the shape that one acquires. But can it be controlled? Yes, to great extent it can be controlled. But, before that it is essential to understand the types of environment that one gets exposed to. Basically there are two types of environment:
1.      Micro Environment: Micro environment is the kind of environment that one faces for limited time and within limited space. It is easier to control such type of environment. For example environment in the class room can be controlled in the desired manner by the teacher.
2.      Macro Environment: The environment that is faced for the longer period of time and in a wider apace is known as macro environment. Such an environment is difficult to control. For example, when students move out of the class room and goes to the play field it gets difficult for the teacher to control them.
But the question remains there. Is it possible to control the environment? And the answer is, yes it is. As it is already said that controlling micro environment is much easier, since there are lesser number of players involve in the micro environment. For example there are only teachers and students in the class, and there is nobody else to disturb them.  But controlling the macro environment needs effort and understanding:
Controlling the macro environment:
Since there are number of players involved, the responsibility lies with the person concerned to control him. The person carries a micro environment with himself despite the fact that he is moving in the macro environment. Number of micro environment come together to form a macro environment. While a person is moving in a macro environment, there will not be any external force, helping him to control the micro environment that he is carrying with himself or the macro environment that he faces or gets exposed to. Or example a teacher helps students in the class room (micro environment). Therefore the person himself will have to monitor his own self, internally for the desired change.


What is a desired change?
As far as English learning is concerned, the desired change is to be able to speak flawless and fluent English. How this change can be achieved? The answer is by controlling the environment. Because we are not living in English speaking country, therefore, we will have to put our own efforts to control the environment.
Micro environment that we are creating in the class room is only for one hour in a day. But, what about remaining 23 hours? During this time period, we are constantly exposed to other languages and dialects, which directly or indirectly influence our English learning weather we are awake or sleeping (We talk in mother tongue while dreaming.).
But there is nothing to worry about. The macro environment can be controlled by putting in sincere and conscious efforts. And your teacher/facilitator can guide you to do this. To control your environment try the following points:
1.      Do the home work that you get in the class room, sincerely.
2.      Read English news papers, magazines, novels, short stories and articles aloud and give your tongue a practice to turn and twist.
3.      Listen to English programme on radio set and try to repeat the sentences that you find useful.
4.      Watch English programme and movies on television and try to repeat the sentences that you like.
5.      English is being used in Hindi television serials also, observe the situation in which it is spoken, analyze and learn them and try to use them in your day to day life.
6.      Make vocabulary cards; write three words on one face of the card and their meanings on the other face. Keep the card in your pocket or purse. Whenever you get time look at the words and try to memorize them. Change the card, whenever you feel that you have learnt these three words.
7.      Listen to your teacher and try to imitate him/her while speaking English.
8.      Replace Hindi words one by one, by an English word as you learn them. Likewise try to replace the whole sentences in Hindi with English sentences. Initially replace simpler and shorter sentences and then the longer and more complicated sentences. This will give you the much needed confidence. Remember, Rome was not built in a day.
9.      Try to find a person close to your house with whom you can talk with in English.
10.  Speak small sentences using simple words. Small and simple sentences are easier top speak and easier to understand and hence are beautiful. Please do not fall into the trap of fashionable and long words or sentences which nobody can understand.
11.  Make a rule that you have to talk in English irrespective of the persons’ (Person with whom you are talking with) capability to understand it. You can be selfish in this sense.
12.  Do not care for speaking wrong English. Do not worry that some one will laugh at you. Remember 99.99 % people who speak English speak wrongly. The only thing that is wrong in spoken English is not speaking English.
13.  Start thinking in English. Whenever you see any thing, try to recall an English word or sentence for that.
14.  Write articles or diary in English.
15.  Do find a student and teach whatever you have learnt in your English class.
16.  Start talking to yourself in English. Separate yourself from your own self and start talking to your own self in English. For example, if your name is Ravi, say to yourself, when you are hungry, “Yaar, Ravi you are hungry”.
17.  Try to walk, talk laugh, dream, eat, sleep, and do anything but do it only in English.